International Journal of  

                       Applied Bioresearch (IJAB)

ISSN 2250 - 2033 (Print); e -ISSN: 2250 - 2041 (Online)

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INDIA
GTRP- BIOJOURNALS

The quarterly peer-reviewed journal

A study on the karyotype of Spathosternum pygmaeum Karsch 1893  (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Spathosterninae) from Cameroon

Seino Richard Akwanjoh, Kekeunou Sévilo, and Manjeli Yacouba, Akongnui Tamanjong Nkwa, Dongmo Tongleu Ingrid

A Preliminary Survey of Pteridophytes from Alagar Hills, Madurai, Eastern Ghats

M.Shumuga Sundari, A. Benniamin, N. Siva, M.Maridass, A. Karthick

In Vitro Multiple Shoot Induction of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl through direct regeneration from nodal segments

P. Samydurai, R. Sarvesan and P. Eganathan

DNA fingerprinting of Plumbago zeylanica L. using ISSR Markers

K.Dharmar and A. John De Britto

Ethnomedicinal wisdom of Alagar Hills in Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

P.Palaniappan, M. Pandian, S.Natarajan and C.Pitchairamu

Assay of a Novel Antimicrobial peptide Curvacin A produced by Lactobacillus curvatus isolated from fermented food products and its Molecular characterization

A.Mohankumar and S. Arumugam

Volume No. 6                                                                 April,2012

Table and Contents
Chromosome analyses were performed in Spathosternum pygmaeum Karsh (1893) using standard staining procedures. Chromosomes with detailed information on number, length, relative length, meiosis and chiasma formation are discussed. S. pygmaeum presented a diploid number of 2n = 23(XO) in males and the karyotype was made up of exclusively acrocentric chromosomes. The chromosomes occurred in size groups of long (Chromosome pairs 1, 2, 3, & 4), medium (chromosome pairs 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9) and short (Chromosome pairs 10 & 11). The X-chromosome was acrocentric and short. Meiosis in the species was normal and chiasmate. Analyses of Diplotene / Diakenesis sub-stages of Prophase-1 revealed a mean chiasma frequency of 16.5 ± 0.99 per cell. Bivalents with 1, 2 and 3 chiasmata were recorded. Bivalents with 1 chiasma contributed least to cell chiasma frequency while bivalents with 3 chiasmata contributed most to cell chiasma frequency. Chromosome /Cytology
Alagar hill forms a discontinuous minor range in the Deccan plain and appears as an extension of Eastern Ghats. The present study describes the distribution of pteridophtic flora of Algar hills, Madurai district. The habitats of the concerning area and the characteristic pteridophytic species occurring have been listed. The area was surveyed in different season during the 2010-2012. Pteridophytic species of this Alagar hills need conservation ex situ, which could be achieved by identification and conservation of fern localities. Sixteen species belong to 11 genera are reported. Most important localities included in the survey of pteridophytic flora are Silambar Valley, Palamutheer solai, Nupuragangai towards Bison Valley. The present paper included comprehensive data on the current distribution of pteridophytes from Algar hills. Diversity /Pteridophytes
The objective of this study was to develop a rapid growth for regeneration of the highly valuable medicinal plant Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl from nodal explants. Single node explants were inoculated on MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose, supplemented with different concentration and combinations of 6-benzyl amino purine with GA3 and thidiazuron with GA3 for direct plant regeneration. Maximum number of shoots were (5.0) observed on MS medium fortified with 0.2mg/l BAP + 0.02mg/l GA3 after 30 days of culture. Maximum shoot length of 2.85cm was achieved. Optimum root induction was achieved with half strength MS liquid medium fortified with 0.2mg/l of IBA and 0.2mg/l IAA. Plantlets were transferred to sterile vermiculite soil under controlled conditions. Well established plantlets were later transferred to plastic pots containing garden soil and sand (3:1). After this the plants were transferred to field conditions for acclimatization. Eupatorium triplinerve /tissue culture
Inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) were used to estimate genetic diversity of Plumbago zeylanica L. a medicinal plant which was collected from five accessions of Southern Western Ghats. Of the 12 primers screened, 6 produced highly polymorphic DNA fragments. The total number of amplified DNA fragments was 35. The overall observed and effective number of alleles, over all genetic diversity and percentage of polymorphic loci were calculated using POPGENE software. Nei’s overall genetic diversity or heterozygosity was 0.2194. The genetic identity between the population ranged from 0.5714 to 0.8571 and the genetic distance ranged from 0.2231 to 0.5596. The overall observed and effective number of alleles was about 1.5429 and 1.3847 respectively and overall percentage of polymorphism of this species was 54.29. The population (p5) exhibited high percentage (93 %) of polymorphism which was considered to be a superior genotypes, which can be conserved. Plumbago zeylanica / DNA
Since traditional herbal remedies are based on ancestral knowledge and empiric experiences of traditional healer, an ethnomedicinal survey was undertaken to collect information appeared to be useful for the research on medicinal plants of the Alagar Hills in Eastern Ghats, Madurai District of Tamil Nadu, during April 2011 – January 2012. The ancestral traditional knowledge of people and who have been using the native plants for the preparation of drugs and methods of their administration along with doses were recorded, collected through questionnaire as well as informal personal interviews during field trips. The exploration of ethnomedicinal plants utilized among the local people of Alagar hills were carried out for about 72 plant species of medicinal plants have been reported. The practical knowledge of people in herbal medicines reveals that they are capable of treating various diseases. Exploration and documentation of traditional medicine is essential for the future. Such study will be useful to understand the role and importance of the people in the conservation of medicinal plants of this area. Biodiversity / Ethnobotany
Samples of dairy origin and other fermented vegetable samples were screened for the presence of Lactic acid bacteria specifically for Lactobacillus curvatus. The collected samples were tested for antagonistic activity through well diffusion assay. The supernatant was partially purified and concentrated through ammonium sulphate precipitation and the same was used as a sample for determining antibacterial activity of bacteriocin against selected human gastro intestinal pathogens adopting Kirby Bauer disc diffusion assay. Bacteriocin curvacin A was found to inhibit a wide range of bacteria. Resistant nature of commercial antibiotic against lactic acid bacteria was also screened. As a part of molecular characterization of curvacin A, peptide sequence was also done using LCMS – IT- TOF mass spectrophotometry. A short peptide with 6257 dalton mass with 59 amino acid residue was obtained. Antimicrobial peptide / Curvacin A