International Journal of  

                       Applied Bioresearch (IJAB)

ISSN 2250 - 2033 (Print); e -ISSN: 2250 - 2041 (Online)

How To Add Google Translate Button On Your Webpage ?

Translate this page in your preferred language:
INDIA
GTRP- BIOJOURNALS

The quarterly peer-reviewed journal

 

Micropropagation of Coccinia indica Wight & Arn. -  A medicinal plant

S. Ghanthikumar, L. John Peter Arulanandam and L. Henry Joseph

 

 

Tribal Medicine Wisdom and Sustainable Utilization in Pechiparai Reservoir, Southern Western Ghats, Tamilnadu

Y. Erkings Michael and K. Dharmar

 

 

Ethnomedicinal Plants for the Treatment of Platelet Dysfunction Allied Diabetes

S. Ramya, K.  Neethirajan and R. Jayakumararaj

 

 

Conservation of Vitex trifolia L. through in vitro Micropropagation

R. Mary Sujin and A. John De Britto

 

 

 

Growth performance of Carassius auratus fry fed with Chironomus larvae and other pelleted feed

D. Kumar, U. Ramesh and M. Mariselvan

 

 

Insect Diversity of Some Selected Species in Three Agricultural Lands in Tirunelveli District

S. Mohamed Ramlath Sabura

 

Volume No. 18                                            April, 2013

Table and Contents

Abstract

Nodal segments of Coccinia indica Wight & Arn were cultured on MS supplemented with various concentration and combination of 6-BAP in combination with Kn stimulated shootlets formation with varied percentage. Highest percentage (71.3 ± 0.69) of shootlets formation was achieved on MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/l of BAP in combination with 0.5 mg/l Kn. Highest percentage of rootlets formation was observed in half strength of IAA combined with 0.5 mg/l of Kn. In addition, Callus formation at the base was observed in vitro derived shootlets cultured on 2,4-D supplemented medium. Sixty eight per cent of plants were established in the field.

 

Key words: In vitro propagation, medicinal plant, nodal segments.

Abstract
The study was conducted to document tribal medicine wisdom of local Kani tribes and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants in Pechiparai reservoir in Southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The information gathered by interacting with tribal medicinal knowledge holders. The study revealed that the raw drugs which are mostly collected from the wild resources. There were 67 species of medicinal plants belonging to 31 families were recorded in the present study and are mostly used to cure cold, cough, fever, diabetes, urinary calculi, leucorrhoea, Jaundice, headache, indigestion, skin diseases, earache, stomach problems, hair fall, dental problems, itches, Oedma and fresh wounds. The wisdom of this traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is great potential for research and discovery of new drugs to fight modern diseases.
 
Keywords: Kani tribes, medicinal plants, tribal medicine, Petchiparai, Southern Western Ghats.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress, which could be a consequence of either increased production of free radicals, or reduced antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress is not only associated with complications of diabetes, but has been linked to Insulin Resistance in vivo. Abnormalities in platelet function are associated with insulin-resistance. Insulin is a key regulator of glucose metabolism. Platelets have been shown to be targets of insulin action because they retain a functional insulin receptor capable of insulin binding and autophosphorylation. The hypothesis that platelets behave differently in type I and type II diabetes determines the role of IR in platelet hyperaggregability in diabetes. Reduced insulin sensitivity may account for platelet hyperactivity in type 2 diabetes. Since antiquity, diabetes has been treated with plant medicines. The third world nations of Asia are rich in biodiversity and indigenous knowledge particularly ethnomedicinal practices. Among them, India is endowed with a rich biological heritage. Historical reports indicate that before the discovery of insulin, Jamun was used in the treatment of diabetes both in India and other countries. In this present study, six different ethnomedicinal plants Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Syzygium cumini, Pterocarpus marsupium, Trigonella foenumgraecum and Cinnamomum tamala were evaluated, of which Syzygium cumini and Gymnema sylvestre were found to be more effective in the regulation of PMA (Phorbol Myristic Acid) induced formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in the platelets obtained from the diabetic subjects. The observed health benefits may be credited to the presence of the various phytochemicals like polyphenols, terpenes, anthocyanins and flavonoids. Future studies should be on validating the mechanism of action responsible for the various beneficial effects and also on understanding which compound/s are responsible for the reported effects.
 
Key words: Medicinal Plants, Platelet, Diabetes, Insulin.
Sustainable Utilization of Biological Resources – Seaweed Farming a Good Option
C. Periyasamy, P. Anantharaman and T. Balasubramanian
 

Abstract

 India is rich in biodiversity especially marine biodiversity. Marine biodiversity includes both flora and fauna. Among the Indian sea waters, Bay of Bengal is known for its living resources particularly the pearl oysters, Sea cucumbers, Shells, Sea grasses and also seaweeds. Among the plants in the sea namely phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, sea grasses and seaweeds, only seaweeds are the better livelihood options for the coastal community. There are 1062 species of seaweeds worldwide, half of them are economically important and 280 are edible. Other seaweeds are mainly used as an excellent source of phycocolloids such as agar agar, alginate, carrageenan. Some others were used as food, fodder, feed and liquid seaweed fertilizers. Length of coastline of India including the coastlines of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshwadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea is 7517 km. Length of Coastline of Indian mainland is 6100 km. Coastline of Indian mainland is surrounded by Arabian Sea in the west, Bay of Bengal in the east, and Indian Ocean in the south are the length of total coastline of India. So we are having lot of sea front. So space is not a constraint. Tamilnadu itself is having a costal length of 1076 km. Seaweed farming is one undertaking where a family based enterprise its better than a corporate or company structure. This is because seaweed farming is highly labour intensive and needs daily maintenance. It is a family enterprise with the fisherman, his wife and children providing all the farming work like a labour. For seaweed farming we have to select the following such as commercially viable Species, Location, and Socio economic status of the growing community and Sound commercially viable technique. As per the “Biological Diversity Act 2002 and Biodiversity rules, 2004”, in every local body shall constitute a Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) with in its area of Jurisdiction”. The will claim for their Biological resources from any company who utilize the biological resources for their Jurisdiction. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) will get 5% of their sale value of the biological resource after licensing. Through seaweed farming, NBA has received more than 40 lakhs as on 2008. This amount will be distributed to the benefit claimers ie., Coastal community who do seaweed farming. Seaweeds are the primary producers and also trap the carbon sequences results a good mitigating agent for Global Warming. Over exploitation of seaweeds in the natural stalk results imbalance in the marine ecosystem. So Seaweed farming will solve the problem. Seaweed farming benefits to the coastal community have been proved in Ramnad, Pudukkottai and Tuticorin Districts. So Sustainable Utilization of Seaweeds has to be spread all over the country.

 Key Words: Seaweed, Farming, Phycocolloids

Management of powdery mildew (Erisiphe polygoni) disease in green gram by botanicals
P. Mahalakshmi and D. Alice
 

 

Abstract

Green gram is one of the important pulse crop cultivated in India an area of 2.5 million hectare in India, with a production of about 0.8 million tonnes. It is commonly known as Grain legumes is rich in protein content (18-31%) and play an important role in human and animal nutrition. In green gram, considerable losses in the production occur as a result of powdery mildew disease. Green gram powdery mildew caused by Erisiphe polygoni is the most serious foliar disease causing considerable economic losses. In the present study different plant extracts including weeds were evaluated under in vitro study their efficacy in inhibiting the conidial growth of Erisiphe polygoni by spore germination assay. The result showed that among the 31 plant extracts Allium sativum(10%) significantly inhibited the conidial germination of Erisiphe polygoni followed by Prosopis juliflora(10%) and Trianthimum portulacastrum (10%) which accounted of 93.90, 92.39 and 91.23 per cent respectively. The treatments proved effective under in vitro studies were tested under pot culture condition for managing the disease. The experiment revealed that, among the botanicals A. sativum (10%) significantly reduced the disease incidence of powdery mildew with recorded (60.90 %) followed by P.juliflora and T. portulacastrum (10%) which recorded 58.95 and 54.93 per cent reduction over control.

Key words: green gram, powdery mildew, Erisiphe polygoni, plant extracts, A. sativum

Chemical Investigation of Medicinal Plants in Kurumalai Scrub Forest, Tuticorin District
S. Niveta, A. Selvin Samuel and A. ManthriKumar Rajesh
 

Abstract

Forest supports the multifarious of plants which are variously used by man for their livelihood. Large numbers of medicinal plants are found in the forest. In recent years, the medicinal plants are considered as an important component of ecosystem. Science of plants and healing diseases were intimately linked from the earliest times. These two sciences were actually inseparable. The present investigation was carried out in Kurumalai hillock. It is rich in vegetation. It supports many medicinal plants. The Kurumalai hill is almost 30 meters above the surrounding plains which are situated at an altitude of 40 m above Mean Sea level. The hill forest is a Reserve forest of Tamilnadu forest department. From Kurumalai forest about 144 plant Species were enlisted, among the plant species the active principle and medicinal uses of selected plants have been described. The active principles of the plants have widely divergent actions on human body. Medicinal plants and their isolated active principles act as an emphasis aid to fight against diseases. In this study it was found that many of active principles separated from the plants act as Anti bacterial, Anti oxidant and Anti inflammatory agents.

 

Key words: Kurumalai Scrub Forest, Medicinal Plants, Chemical Investigation

Abstract
An efficient micropropagation system for Vitex trifolia, an important medicinal plant has been developed. Shoot organogenesis occurred from V. trifolia nodal explants inoculated on medium with appropriate supplements of plant growth regulators. 65 % of shoot regeneration frequency and 4 shoots per nodal explants were achieved when cultured on a medium containing 2 % of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 % of 1- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoot organogenesis was improved and 80 % of shoot regeneration frequency was recorded within 24 days, and regenerated plantlets survived and grew vigorously in greenhouse condition. The regeneration protocol developed in this study provides a basis for germplasm conservation and for further investigation of medicinally active constituents of this medicinal plant.
 
Keywords: Vitex trifolia., in vitro micropropagation, plant tissue culture, conservation

Abstract

Gold fish fry (0.810 mg) was selected for the present investigation. During the acclimation period fry were fed ad libitum with minced piece of beef liver twice a day. They were acclimated to the laboratory conditions for 15 days in two large (6’ X 3’X 1’) cement tanks. Individual fish fed at a rate of 5% body weight twice a day at 10:00 a.m and 17: 00 p.m hours. Each group consisted of 10 individuals and triplicates. The feeding trial was continued for a period of 42 days. Three types of feeds were viz; Chironomus larvae and pelleted diet containing 40% animal protein and 40% plant protein was maintained. The water quality parameters such as pH, and DO were monitored daily. Experiments were conducted in cement tank (3”X2”) containing 90 liters of water. The highest SGR (2.02 ± 0.08/day) was observed diet D1. The best FCR was in diet D1 (1.22). And the best weight gain % were observed in those fed with diet D1 (603.61%) and the lower values was observed in the diets (441.87%). The highest survival also noticed in the diet of D1 (100%). Among the three types of feed, the Chironomus larvae fed fishes (D1) had the highest level of protein (62.55 %) and the lowest protein (38.25) was recorded in diet D2. The lipid content of the feeds D2 was 6.10mg/g. In the case of D1 diet had high lipid content of 8.16.

 

Key words: Gold fish fry feed, live feed, growth parameters

Abstract
Biodiversity is one of the most important issues worldwide nowadays. The present study deals with the insect diversity of three rice ecosystem of Tirunelveli district of Tamilnadu. A study was made in three rice field during December 2011 to February 2012. The sweep net collection yielded five orders namely Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Hymeoptera, Odoata ad Orthoptera. The diversity idex (Simpson’s index ad Shannon-Weiner) and Margalef and Mehinick richness index were calculated. From this study it was observed that the Hemiptera (54%) was the predominant order than the other orders. The Shanno-Weiner index value was varied for various months. Highest simpson’s index was recorded during January at Kuthukkal (0.2). Highest Shannon-Weiner index was recorded during January at Vellaikovil (2.5). The preset study revealed that the most of the sweep net collected insect were pest of the agro ecosystem.
 
 Keywords: Insect diversity, rich field, pest